In a field experiment with the varieties of winter bread wheat Biliava, Bohdana, Bunchuk, Jamala, Donor Kyivskyi, Yednist, Zdoba Kyivska, Kyivska 19, Kuyalnik, Natalka, Podolianka, Smuglyanka, Favorytka, Chornobrova, Chornozerna, the genotypic peculiarities of nitrogen accumulation in parts of the plant shoot and its remobilization into grain were studied. It was shown that the dry weight of shoot parts and ear components during ripening changed differently in different varieties, which indicates varietal peculiarities in the outflow of nutrients into the grain. A decrease in the weight of leaves, stems and ear components at the stage of full ripeness compared to the flowering stage, a difference in the content of total nitrogen in organs and depending on the variety were revealed. Among the varieties studied at the flowering stage, the highest content of total nitrogen in leaves was in the Kyivska 19 variety, in stems — in Chornobrovaya, and in spikelets — in the Favorytka variety. At the stage of full ripeness, the highest nitrogen indices in grain were for the varieties Donor Kyivskyi and Natalka. A decrease in the amount of nitrogen in the vegetative parts of the shoot during the grain filling was revealed, and a correlation was established between the difference in the amount of nitrogen in the entire shoot at the flowering period and in its vegetative parts at full ripeness, and the amount of this element in the grain from the entire ear. In most of the varieties studied, the coefficient of nitrogen remobilization (Kr) from leaves was the highest compared to other parts of the shoot. In the varieties Bilyava and Kuyalnyk, Kr from leaves and stem was almost the same, and significantly exceeded this index for the ear components. The index of nitrogen remobilization to grain was the highest in plants of the Chornobrova variety (0.94), the lowest in plants of the Biliava (0.59) and Bohdana (0.60) varieties. Its low value in the last two varieties can be explained by the fact that about 60 % of the grain nitrogen pool in them was supplied from the shoot, and the rest came due to the absorption of nitrogen from the soil after flowering. The studied varieties also had genotypic differences in the contribution of individual organs to the accumulation of nitrogen in the grain.
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., winter wheat, nitrogen, remobilization
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