Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) is an important crop with a wide range of uses, one of the biological characteristics of which is its allopathic activity. Various organs of J. nigra contain juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), a chemical compound with allopathic properties. In three-year studies, it was found that the amount of phenolic compounds in the fallen leaves of black walnut, which can have a phytotoxic effect on plants, ranged from 4.93 to 5.44 %. Analysis of the effect of water extracts of black walnut fallen leaves by biotests showed no effect on germination of winter wheat Novosmuglyanka variety seeds and low degree of inhibition of root system of its sprouts. At the same time, water extracts from fallen leaves of black walnut reduced germination and root length of pepper Velyten variety seeds up to 71—72 % compared to control. It was found that during the years of research, the damage of cereal weed (common bentgrass, Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.) by Alternaria in ecosystems with the presence of black walnut was significantly lower compared to similar plants in forest belts dominated by common oak. The results obtained show the prospects of using the natural naphthoquinone of the fallen leaves of the black walnut, juglone, both for the production of herbicides and for the protection of plants against diseases. Against the background of serious environmental threats caused by the widespread use of synthetic herbicides, the use of juglone can be an important environmental alternative to conventional herbicides. Therefore, the cultivation of black walnut in Ukraine is important for improving the environmental safety of agrophytocenoses.
Keywords: Juglans nigra L., Alternaria spp, black walnut, phenolic compounds, juglone, phytotoxicity, biotesting
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