The Artemisia genus plants has long been known as medicinal because they synthesize numerous valuable biologically active compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, and antitumor properties. Genetic transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes makes it possible to obtain «hairy» root cultures characterized by rapid growth, independence from the presence of growth regulators in the medium, and negative geotropism. Due to activity of bacterial rol genes transferred to the plant genome, «hairy» roots can synthesize biologically active compounds in higher quantities than the original plants, since the rol genes themselves are inducers of secondary plant metabolism. In the work the growth and accumulation of flavonoids in the «hairy» roots of A. annua, A. tilesii, and A. ludoviciana plants were compared. The transgenic roots of three plant species differed in terms of growth rate, flavonoid content, and level of antioxidant and reducing activity. The increase in weight of transgenic A. annua roots was 2.1—3.2 times higher than that of A. ludoviciana roots, and 2.3—3.1 times higher than that of A. tilesii roots. The highest total flavonoids content was detected in the roots with the highest growth rate and average specific content of flavonoids. Since the antioxidant and reducing activities depended on the specific content of flavonoids in the extracts from the «hairy» roots of plants of the studied species, we can assume a significant role of flavonoids in the manifestation of such activity. Thus, the A. annua «hairy» root lines used in the study, characterized by rapid growth and the highest total flavonoids content with high antioxidant activity, may be a natural source of antioxidants.
Keywords: Artemisia annua L., Artemisia tilesii Ledeb., Artemisia ludoviciana L., «hairy» roots, flavonoids, antioxidant activity
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