The effects of complex microfertilizers-biostimulants, manufactured on the basis of seaweed extract and a mixture of amino acids, on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus during the reproductive period, which was accompanied by the scarce atmospheric precipitation and increased air temperature, as well as the productivity of plants of the Malynivka winter wheat variety was studied in a small-scale field experiment. Foliar treatment of plants with microfertilizers-biostimulants «Quantum® SeAmin» (based on seaweed extract) or «Quantum® AminoMax» (based on a mixture of amino acids of plant origin) produced by RPC «Kvadrat» (Ukraine) was carried out twice: at the end of stem elongation (BBCH 39) and at the start of grain development (BBCH 71). The amount of precipitation during the period from the flowering stage to stage of late milk was 24 mm (33 % of the climatic norm), the average daily temperature was 21.3 °C (+1.8 °C to the climatic norm), which corresponds to the value of the Selyaninov`s hydrothermal coefficient of 0.38 (very arid conditions). It was found that the plants treated with the both biostimulants did not differ significantly from the control plants in terms of the photosynthetic apparatus capacity, and activities of the chloroplast antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APO) at the flowering stage. However, at the stage of late milk, treated plants had significantly higher leaf area index and chlorophyll content than control ones due to a better preservation of the leaves green area and the photosynthetic pigments content. At that time, the treated plants had significantly lower activities of chloroplastic SOD and APO, that in combination with maintaining the better state of leaf photosynthetic apparatus indicates on a lower degree of stress and more effective adaptation to adverse conditions. Treatment with SeAmin increased the yield by 15 % (p = 0.045), and with AminoMax by 11 %, however the statistical significance of the effect was not high (p = 0.08).
Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., biostimulants, drought, chlorophyll, leaf area index, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, productivity
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