Studying the effectiveness of legume-rhizobial systems against the background of fungicides, allows us to consider not only the direct effect of pesticides on plants or nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, but also expands understanding of the formation and functioning of complex interactions between macro- and microsymbionts under exogenous factors and as a result helps to develop new, effective elements of technology for growing legumes. Therefore, the aim of the work was to investigate the peculiarities of the formation, functioning and efficiency of soybean-rhizobial systems in pot experiment conditions in the soil culture at early (14 days before sowing) seed treatment with preparations fever and standak top and inoculation Bradyrhizobium japonicum PC08 in the day of sowing. Microbiological, physiological and statistical research methods were used. It was found that the use of pesticides fever and standak top for seed treatment helped to increase the height and vegetative mass of soybeans compared to control plants or ensure their formation at the control level during the growing season. At the same time, a more significant increase in the studied indicators was observed under the influence of the active substances of the standak top in comparison with fever. It is shown that only in the budding stage fever somewhat inhibited the formation of the number of root nodules (on 32.3 %), but did not affect their mass. In the stage of flowering and formation of beans with the use of fungicides, the number and weight of root nodules were at the level of control or exceeded it, depending on the chemical class of the pesticide. During the ontogenesis of soybean plants with early (14 days before sowing) use of fungicides and inoculation on the day of sowing B. japonicum PC08 established effective functioning of the symbiotic apparatus, which contributed to the full formation of grain productivity of plants. Under the action of fever and standak top, the soybean grain yield was higher compared to control plants by 6.9 and 10.4 %, respectively. Thus, the peculiarities of fungicides effect on the formation, functioning and effectiveness of soybean-rhizobial systems are determined by the resistance of the strain to the pesticide, plant growing conditions, seed treatment time, and the composition of the fungicide used. Our results confirmed the possibility of using analytically selected fungicide-resistant strain of B. japonicum PC08 as a biological basis of bacterial fertilizers for soybeans for complex use under industrial conditions with preparations fever and standak top with early seed treatment (14 days before sowing).
Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, fever, standak top, legume-rhizobial symbiosis, nitrogen fixation, productivity
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