Розглянуто механізми регуляції стану антиоксидантної системи (АОС) рослин за участю сигнальних посередників (пероксиду водню, іонів кальцію, оксиду азоту, сірководню). Зазначено, що вплив активних форм кисню (АФК) на АОС може бути як результатом окиснювальної модифікації білків, що беруть участь у трансдукції клітинних сигналів, так і наслідком пошкодження ними окремих компонентів АОС, що призводить у кінцевому підсумку до формування АФК-сигналу і зміни експресії генів, причетних до антиоксидантного захисту. Оксид азоту залежно від характеру окиснювальної модифікації може безпосередньо викликати як підвищення, так і зниження активності антиоксидантних ферментів. Водночас під впливом NO активуються компоненти сигнальної мережі, що беруть участь у регуляції експресії генів антиоксидантних ферментів. Пряма модифікація функціональних груп білків (сірковмісних, металовмісних) може бути основою впливу сірководню на компоненти АОС. Установлено, що дія H2S на активність антиоксидантних ферментів залежить і від інших компонентів сигнальної мережі. В процесах індукування АОС фітогормонами (жасмоновою і саліциловою кислотами, брасиностероїдами) беруть участь ключові сигнальні посередники — АФК, оксид азоту, іони кальцію.
Ключові слова: antioxidative system, signal mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, calcium, hydrogen sulphide, stress phytohormones
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