Підвищення вмісту білка в зерні пшениці залишається одним із стратегічних завдань сучасної селекції. Однак вміст білка в зерні є складною полігенно детермінованою ознакою, значною мірою залежною від агрокліматичних умов вирощування і, як наслідок, складно контрольованою і керованою в процесі селекції. У дикорослої пшениці двозернянки T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides із національних фондів зародкової плазми Iзраїлю у хромосомі 6В ідентифіковано ген дикого типу Gpc-B1 (grain protein concentration), який значно підвищує вміст протеїну в зерні і водночас кількох ключових мікроелементів унаслідок пришвидшення фізіологічного старіння рослин та ефективнішої ремобілізації азоту з вегетативних органів у зерно. Ген Gpc-B1 чинить мінорні негативні ефекти на деякі структурні елементи врожаю (маса зернівки і натура), не знижуючи при цьому врожаю зерна per ce. Ген Gpc-B1 клонований і детально досліджений як за молекулярною структурою, так і за функціональністю. У процесі серії експериментів, виконаних у різних країнах світу на різному генетичному фоні та за контрастних умов вирощування, доведено високу ефективність використання гена Gpc-B1 у селекційних програмах з метою підвищення вмісту білка і ключових мікроелементів у зерні, поліпшення його технологічної і споживчої цінності.
Ключові слова: пшениця, вміст білка, мінералів, хромосома 6В, ген Gpc-B1 (NAM-B1), фізіологічне старіння, ремобілізація азоту, T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides.
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