Зернові культури в Україні займають великі площі, понад 6 млн га, що становить 19 % орних земель. Зерновий сектор є стратегічним напрямом економіки України, тому навіть мінімальне пошкодження рослин фітофагами та хворобами призводить до великих втрат урожаю, а поява нових агресивних і високовірулентних рас збудників хвороб є основною причиною швидкої втрати сортами стійкості до відповідних захворювань. Найбільш радикальним, перспективним, екологічно безпечним та економічно вигідним напрямом удосконалення інтегрованої системи захисту озимої пшениці є вирощування сортів, стійких до шкідників і збудників хвороб. Саме цей напрям дає змогу без додаткових затрат звести до мінімуму втрати врожаю від шкідливих організмів і зменшити енерговитрати на 25—30 %, а також утворити нову екологічну нішу в агробіоценозах. Для того щоб розширити генетичне різноманіття, потрібний постійний пошук надійних джерел і донорів з груповою стійкістю серед найважливіших видів пшениці та її диких родичів. На основі аналізу джерел літератури показана вагомість вирішення проблеми стійких сортів пшениці озимої до шкідників та основних збудників хвороб. Відмічено низку сортів ІФРГ НАН України, що характеризуються комплексною стійкістю до шкідливих організмів, а тому мають особливу цінність — Богдана, Веснянка, Володарка, Золотоколоса, Наталка, Новокиївська, Переяславка, Подолянка, Славна, Смуглянка, Снігурка, Трипільська, Фаворитка, Хазарка, Хуртовина, Чорнява, Монотип, Добірна, Ветеран, Спасівка, Гілея, Хуторянка. Стійкість цих сортів забезпечується різними типами, зокрема, антиксенозом, толерантністю, ухиленням та антибіозом. Отже, використання їх як джерел стійкості для створення нових продуктивних сортів пшениці озимої та впровадження у виробництво дасть змогу в майбутньому зберегти врожайність зерна і звести до мінімуму забруднення довкілля пестицидами.
Ключові слова: озима пшениця, селекція, шкідники, збудники хвороб, стійкі сорти, джерела стійкості
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