Drought is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and productivity. The review analyzes the causes of enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during drought in chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and cell walls. Value of NADPH oxidase, extracellular peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the formation of ROS signaling pool under conditions of osmotic stress, and inducing protective reactions of plants is considered. Characteristics of components of the antioxidant system is given. Contribution of the main antioxidant enzymes and low-molecular-weight antioxidants to maintenance of redox homeostasis during drought is assessed. Role of proline and other compatible osmolytes in antioxidant plant protection is considered separately. Functional interaction of antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular-weight antioxidants, and osmolytes with antioxidant properties under drought conditions is analyzed. The possibility of increasing plant resistance to water deficiency by use of exogenous antioxidants, priming with signaling molecules and stress phytohormones, as well as by transforming with genes of antioxidant enzymes or enzymes involved in the regulation of low-molecular-weight protectors is considered. It is noted that progress in the study of antioxidant system will become more dynamic when using methods of in vivo analysis of antioxidants in certain cellular compartments and in real time.
Keywords: drought, reactive oxygen species, antioxidant system, antioxidant enzymes, low molecular weight antioxidants, proline
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