Вільні амінокислоти — попередники і складові протеїнів є активними учасниками метаболічних і фізіологічних процесів на різних етапах онтогенезу злаків. За дії абіотичних і біотичних стресорів їхній вміст істотно зростає, тому амінокислоти можна розглядати як біомаркери стресового стану. Накопичений значний масив даних вказує на кореляцію між здатністю до акумуляції ендогенних амінокислот і стресостійкістю рослин. Гіперсинтез амінокислот підтримує клітинний тургор, осмотичний баланс, сприяє стабілізації мембран. Такі протекторні ефекти заважають витоку електролітів із клітин, знижують вміст активних форм кисню (АФК), запобігають «оксидному вибуху». В огляді розглянуто та обговорено мультиплексну роль амінокислот у рослинах, що зазнають впливу абіотичних стресорів, окрему увагу зосереджено на активації антиоксидантних систем захисту. Метаболічну регуляцію за участі амінокислот розглядають як основну стратегію захисту і виживання рослин за несприятливих умов існування. В статті наведено приклади успішного використання екзогенних амінокислот та їхніх похідних для поліпшення стресостійкості й урожайності культурних злаків, використання препаратів амінокислот у рослинництві.
Ключові слова: амінокислоти, пролін, гліцин бетаїн, абіотичний стресор, стійкість, злаки
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