Наведено огляд вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо впливу різних хімічних речовин із фунгіцидними властивостями на перебіг фізіологічних і біохімічних процесів у рослинах сої за інокуляції її насіння бульбочковими бактеріями. Висвітлено значення сої в інтегрованих системах сільського господарства та дестабілізуючі чинники максимальної реалізації її генетичного потенціалу. Розглянуто вплив фунгіцидних препаратів та окремих їх складових на бульбочкові бактерії в чистій культурі, бобово-ризобіальний симбіоз, фотосинтетичний апарат, особливості відповіді рослинного організму на рівні окисно-відновних реакцій. Зазначено, що токсична дія фунгіцидів на бульбочкові бактерії залежить від штаму бактерій, діючої речовини, додаткових компонентів протруйника, його концентрації, температури зберігання, терміну взаємодії з бактеріями. Окреслено певні механізми негативного впливу фунгіцидів на бобово-ризобіальний симбіоз, які полягають в інгібуванні продукування рослинами фітоестрогенів, сповільненні синтезу фітогормонів і сидерофорів, порушенні регуляторної системи сигналінгу між макро- й мікросимбіонтами, блокуванні активності генів нодуляції, зниженні рівня ризобіального Nod-фактора. Зроблено припущення, що різноспрямована дія протруйників на фотосинтетичний апарат рослини залежить від способу обробки, концентрації та самої діючої речовини фунгіцидів. Зазначено, що зміни активності антиоксидантних ферментів у рослинах сої свідчать про розвиток стрес-захисних реакцій на хімічну обробку. Висвітлено можливі способи зниження токсичного впливу фунгіцидів, які сприятимуть збереженню ефективності функціонування бобово-ризобіального симбіозу за сумісного застосування біопрепаратів і хімічних протруйників при вирощуванні сої.
Ключові слова: соя, фітопатогени, фунгіциди, бульбочкові бактерії, бобово-ризобіальний симбіоз, фотосинтез, антиоксидантні ферменти
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