Фізіологія рослин і генетика 2021, том 53, № 2, 112-127, doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/frg2021.02.112

Генетичне поліпшення рослин: основні наукові досягнення та інноваційні розробки

Моргун В.В., Рибалка О.І., Дубровна О.В.

  • Інститут фізіології рослин і генетики Національної академії наук України 03022 Київ, вул. Васильківська, 31/17

У ювілейній статті до 75-річчя ІФРГ НАН України представлено сучасний стан, принципи і методи генетичного поліпшення рослин та основні досягнення науковців Iнституту фізіології рослин і генетики НАН України в цьому напрямі. Зроблено ретроспективний огляд відкриттів учених, удостоєних Ленінської премії, Державних премій СРСР та України в галузі науки і техніки, високих урядових нагород. Узагальнено наукові дані стосовно генетичної загрози, яка виникла внаслідок аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС та техногенного забруднення довкілля. Детально висвітлено практичні здобутки в галузі гетерозисної та мутаційної селекції злаків, використання молекулярних маркерів, генетичної інженерії та віддаленої гібридизації. Викладено результати вивчення і впровадження в програми селекційно-генетичних досліджень нових генів і генетичних систем, що впливають на кількісні та якісні характеристики зерна. Приділено увагу інноваційним розробкам Інституту, зокрема новим високопродуктивним сортам озимої пшениці та гібридам кукурудзи, які широко висівають в Україні та за її межами, їх трансферу в аграрне виробництво.

Ключові слова: генетичне поліпшення рослин, основні методи, досягнення, селекція, сорти, Iнститут фізіології рослин і генетики Національної академії наук України

Фізіологія рослин і генетика
2021, том 53, № 2, 112-127

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